---
title: "European Economic Area — Sectoral & Public-Sector AI | Global AI Monitor"
canonical: https://artificial-intelligence.gi/jurisdictions/european-economic-area/sectoral-and-public-sector-ai/
source_html: /jurisdictions/european-economic-area/sectoral-and-public-sector-ai/index.html
description: "European Economic Area — Sectoral & Public-Sector AI: 07 Sectoral & Public-Sector AI Active Under review ▾ # CCW GGE on LAWS - rolling text (18 December 2025 version) (Draft, no legal force): Draft rolling text under negotiation in th"
generated_at: 2026-10-25T22:24:54Z
content_sha256: d37bf67c070be806da9414b2c092f86ead179470d8d4eb61b57d91f3522e515e
generator: "fe-fleet/md-twin@1.0"
---
# European Economic Area — Sectoral & Public-Sector AI | Global AI Monitor

### 07Sectoral & Public-Sector AIActive Derived: Probable▾#

CCW GGE on LAWS - rolling text (18 December 2025 version) (Draft, no legal force): Draft rolling text under negotiation in the UN CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems.

11 instruments · 10 obligations · 24 claims · Next: 2 Dec 2026 (Article 5(1)(ba), (bb), (1a), (1b) prohibitions begin to apply)

11 instruments (11 current) · 10 obligations · 24 claims · 13 milestones

Instruments

- CCW GGE on LAWS - rolling text (18 December 2025 version) Draft, no legal forceDraft rolling text under negotiation in the UN CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems.Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://meetings.unoda.org/ccw-/convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons-group-of-governmental-experts-on-lethal-autonomous-weapons-systems-2026)
- Data Act Valid from 2025-09-12Data access and cloud-switching rules that affect AI data supply and cloud-hosted AI services.Binding · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj)
- Digital Omnibus on AI Valid from 2026-07-27Amends the AI Act timeline, adds Article 5 prohibitions on non-consensual intimate deepfakes and CSAM-type material, replaces Article 4 and adjusts sandbox and AI Office powers.Binding · Authority: European AI Office (European Commission) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/b459c07f-86fb-11f1-bf5e-01aa75ed71a1.0006.01/DOC_1)
- Digital Services Act Valid from 2024-02-17Platform regulation under which the Commission designates very large platforms and search engines (now including ChatGPT) and enforces systemic-risk duties covering algorithmic systems.Binding · Authority: European Commission (DG CNECT), Digital Services Act enforcement · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj)
- ESAs statement on ICT risks from frontier AI models Valid from 2026-07-31Joint EBA, EIOPA and ESMA statement calling for consistent risk-based supervision of ICT risks from frontier AI models.Non-binding · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/eba-eiopa-and-esma-call-enhanced-governance-and-consistent-supervision)
- EU KIDS Act proposal Draft, no legal forceCommission proposal to protect children online that would require AI companions and chatbots off by default.Verified 8 Oct 2026
- Italian Law on artificial intelligence Valid from 2025-10-10Italian national framework law designating AgID and ACN, regulating AI in work and professions, copyright and criminal law.Binding · Authority: National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN), Agenzia per l'Italia digitale (AgID) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/09/25/25G00143/sg)
- Italy: Legislative Decree 9 September 2026, n. 160 (AI Act adaptation: police use, liability) In force since 2026-09-30Regulates police use of AI systems, adds a Criminal Code offence and corporate liability, and sets civil-procedure rules on evidence and causation for AI damage.Binding · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2026/09/15/26G00179/SG)
- Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 Valid from 2027-01-20Product-safety regulation that adds essential requirements for machinery with self-evolving behaviour and requires third-party assessment for self-evolving machine-learning safety components.Binding · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1230/oj/eng)
- MDCG 2025-6 FAQ on the interplay between MDR/IVDR and the AI Act Valid from 2025-06-01Commission-hosted MDCG FAQ dated June 2025 on how the AI Act interacts with the medical device regulations.Non-binding · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://health.ec.europa.eu/medical-devices-sector/new-regulations/guidance-mdcg-endorsed-documents-and-other-guidance_en)
- Platform Work Directive Date not recordedGives platform workers transparency about, and limits on, automated monitoring and decision-making systems.Legal force not established · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · [Official text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj)

Obligations

- Article 3(1) (new third and following paragraphs of Article 8 of Regulation 2023/1230)The Commission must adopt delegated acts amending Annex III of the Machinery Regulation to add health and safety requirements for high-risk AI systems that are machinery safety components or machinery, and those acts must apply by 2 August 2028.other · Applies to: other · Digital Omnibus on AI
- Art. 11(2)The employer or principal must inform the worker of the use of artificial intelligence in the cases and manner of Article 1-bis of Legislative Decree 152/1997.transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · Italian Law on artificial intelligence
- Article 6(1), Article 25(2) and Annex I Part A points 5-6Manufacturers of safety components with fully or partially self-evolving machine-learning behaviour, and of machinery embedding such systems, must use a third-party conformity assessment procedure (EU type-examination, full quality assurance or unit verification).conformity assessment · Applies to: product manufacturer · Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
- Annex III Part B point 1Manufacturers must include in their risk assessment hazards that may arise over the lifecycle from the intended evolution of self-evolving behaviour or logic in machinery designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy.risk management · Applies to: product manufacturer · Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
- Article 34(1)Providers of very large online platforms and search engines must diligently identify, analyse and assess systemic risks from the design or functioning of their service, including algorithmic systems.risk management · Applies to: other · Digital Services Act
- Article 23Providers of data processing services must take the measures in Articles 25 to 30 to enable customers to switch between services.other · Applies to: other · Data Act
- Article 9(1)Digital labour platforms must inform platform workers, their representatives and on request authorities of the use of automated monitoring or decision-making systems.transparency disclosure · Applies to: other · Platform Work Directive
- Article 7(1)(a)Digital labour platforms may not use automated monitoring or decision-making systems to process personal data on the emotional or psychological state of a person performing platform work.prohibition · Applies to: other · Platform Work Directive
- Pillar on safety by design (press release summary)AI companions and chatbots would have to be turned off by default for children and could not simulate interpersonal relationships that create emotional dependency.other · Applies to: provider · EU KIDS Act proposal
- Article 18(1)In damages actions, where damage results from breach of one or more AI Act obligations, the causal link and the damage are presumed unless the contrary is proved.other · Applies to: other · Italy: Legislative Decree 9 September 2026, n. 160 (AI Act adaptation: police use, liability)

Milestones

- 12 Sep 2025Data Act applies MetData Act
- 10 Oct 2025Italian Law 132/2025 enters into force MetItalian Law on artificial intelligence
- 27 Jul 2026Omnibus enters into force MetDigital Omnibus on AI
- 30 Sep 2026Italian Legislative Decree 160/2026 enters into force MetItaly: Legislative Decree 9 September 2026, n. 160 (AI Act adaptation: police use, liability)
- 2 Dec 2026Article 5(1)(ba), (bb), (1a), (1b) prohibitions begin to apply UpcomingDigital Omnibus on AI
- 2 Dec 2026Article 50(2) compliance deadline for generative AI systems placed on the market before 2 August 2026 UpcomingDigital Omnibus on AI
- 2 Dec 2026Platform Work Directive transposition deadline UpcomingPlatform Work Directive
- 1 Jan 2027 (month)ChatGPT, as designated very large online search engine, must comply with additional Digital Services Act obligations (four months after designation) UpcomingDigital Services Act
- 20 Jan 2027Machinery Regulation applies and Directive 2006/42/EC is repealed UpcomingMachinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
- 2 Aug 2027National AI regulatory sandbox operational in each Member State MovedDigital Omnibus on AI
- 2 Dec 2027Chapter III Sections 1-3 apply to Annex III high-risk systems MovedDigital Omnibus on AI
- 2 Aug 2028Chapter III Sections 1-3 apply to Annex I (product-embedded) high-risk systems MovedDigital Omnibus on AI
- 2 Aug 2028Delegated acts adding AI health and safety requirements to the Machinery Regulation apply UpcomingDigital Omnibus on AI

Claims and evidence (24)
- The ESAs (EBA, EIOPA, ESMA) published a joint statement on 31 July 2026 calling for consistent cross-sectoral supervision of ICT risk from frontier AI models in finance.Confidence: Probable · As of 31 Jul 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[EBA, EIOPA and ESMA call for enhanced governance and consistent supervision to mitigate ICT risks from frontier AI models](https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/eba-eiopa-and-esma-call-enhanced-governance-and-consistent-supervision) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · BodyThe European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA – the ESAs) today published a statement calling for a cross-sectoral, risk-based and consistent supervisory approach to mitigate the ICT risks stemming from frontier AI models.

- The Medical Device Coordination Group published FAQ MDCG 2025-6 (June 2025) on the interplay between the MDR/IVDR and the AI Act.Confidence: Probable · As of 1 Jun 2025 · evidencedEvidence and sources[MDCG endorsed documents and other guidance](https://health.ec.europa.eu/medical-devices-sector/new-regulations/guidance-mdcg-endorsed-documents-and-other-guidance_en) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Guidance tableMDCG 2025-6|FAQ on Interplay between the Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) & In vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR) and the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA)|June 2025

- Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 amends the Machinery Regulation, adding a duty on the Commission to adopt delegated acts by 2 August 2028 on health and safety requirements for high-risk AI systems that are safety components of or constitute machinery, and a presumption of conformity route through AI Act standards.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 27 Jul 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Official Journal text](https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/b459c07f-86fb-11f1-bf5e-01aa75ed71a1.0006.01/DOC_1) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 3(1) (new Article 8 paragraphs)The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 47 of this Regulation to amend Annex III to this Regulation by adding health and safety requirements in respect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that are classified as high-risk pursuant to Article 6(1) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689
- [Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Official Journal text](https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/b459c07f-86fb-11f1-bf5e-01aa75ed71a1.0006.01/DOC_1) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 3(1) (new Article 8 paragraphs)Those delegated acts shall apply by 2 August 2028.
- [Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Official Journal text](https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/b459c07f-86fb-11f1-bf5e-01aa75ed71a1.0006.01/DOC_1) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 3(2) (new Article 20(10))10. Until harmonised standards or common specifications are referenced or adopted pursuant to this Article as regards high-risk AI systems, high-risk AI systems within the scope of this Regulation which comply with the relevant harmonised standards referenced, or common specifications adopted pursuant to Articles 40 and, respectively, 41 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 shall be presumed to be in conformity with the essential health and safety requirements set out in Annex III to this Regulation as regards high-risk AI systems.

- The EBA, EIOPA and ESMA published a joint statement on 31 July 2026 calling for consistent supervision of ICT risks from frontier AI models in EU financial services.Confidence: Probable · As of 31 Jul 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[EBA, EIOPA and ESMA call for enhanced governance and consistent supervision to mitigate ICT risks from frontier AI models](https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/eba-eiopa-and-esma-call-enhanced-governance-and-consistent-supervision) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · BodyThe European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA – the ESAs) today published a statement calling for a cross-sectoral, risk-based and consistent supervisory approach to mitigate the ICT risks stemming from frontier AI models.

- MDCG 2025-6 is a Commission-hosted FAQ, dated June 2025, on the interplay between the MDR/IVDR and the AI Act.Confidence: Probable · As of 1 Jun 2025 · evidencedEvidence and sources[MDCG endorsed documents and other guidance](https://health.ec.europa.eu/medical-devices-sector/new-regulations/guidance-mdcg-endorsed-documents-and-other-guidance_en) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Guidance tableMDCG 2025-6|FAQ on Interplay between the Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) & In vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR) and the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA)|June 2025

- The UN CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems is mandated to meet for 10 days in 2026 (2-6 March and 31 August-4 September), working from a rolling text dated 18 December 2025.Confidence: Probable · As of 18 Dec 2025 · evidencedEvidence and sources[CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems, 2026](https://meetings.unoda.org/ccw-/convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons-group-of-governmental-experts-on-lethal-autonomous-weapons-systems-2026) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · MandateGroup of Governmental Experts of the High Contracting Parties related to emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), for a duration of 10 days, from 2-6 March 2026 and from 31 August-4 September 2026

- Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 on machinery sets categories of machinery, including safety components with fully or partially self-evolving machine-learning behaviour, that require third-party conformity assessment.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 on machinery (Official Journal text)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1230/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 6(1)Machinery and related products that fall within the categories listed in Annex I, Part A, shall be subject to the specific conformity assessment procedures referred to in Article 25(2), and machinery and related products that fall within the categories listed in Annex I, Part B shall be subject to the specific conformity assessment procedures referred to in Article 25(3).
- [Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 on machinery (Official Journal text)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1230/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Annex I, Part A, points 5 and 6Safety components with fully or partially self-evolving behaviour using machine learning approaches ensuring safety functions. Machinery that has embedded systems with fully or partially self-evolving behaviour using machine learning approaches ensuring safety functions that have not been placed independently on the market, in respect only of those systems.

- Derived: Probable The Machinery Regulation repeals Directive 2006/42/EC with effect from 20 January 2027.Confidence: Probable · As of 20 Jan 2027 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Commission Implementing Decision C(2025) 129 of 20.1.2025 on a standardisation request as regards machinery and related products](https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/C(2025)129_0/de00000001069556) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Recital (1)That Directive is repealed with effect from 20 January 2027 by Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council3.

- Annex I Part A of the Machinery Regulation lists safety components with fully or partially self-evolving machine-learning behaviour as categories subject to third-party conformity assessment.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 on machinery (Official Journal text)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1230/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 6(1)Machinery and related products that fall within the categories listed in Annex I, Part A, shall be subject to the specific conformity assessment procedures referred to in Article 25(2), and machinery and related products that fall within the categories listed in Annex I, Part B shall be subject to the specific conformity assessment procedures referred to in Article 25(3).
- [Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 on machinery (Official Journal text)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1230/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Annex I, Part A, points 5 and 6Safety components with fully or partially self-evolving behaviour using machine learning approaches ensuring safety functions. Machinery that has embedded systems with fully or partially self-evolving behaviour using machine learning approaches ensuring safety functions that have not been placed independently on the market, in respect only of those systems.

- Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act) applies from 17 February 2024; Commission and national enforcement against AI-related services runs through it.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 17 Feb 2024 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 93(2)This Regulation shall apply from 17 February 2024.

- Providers of very large online platforms and search engines must assess systemic risks stemming from the design or functioning of their service, including algorithmic systems.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 34(1)Providers of very large online platforms and of very large online search engines shall diligently identify, analyse and assess any systemic risks in the Union stemming from the design or functioning of their service and its related systems, including algorithmic systems, or from the use made of their services.

- Derived: Probable The Commission may fine a provider of a very large online platform or search engine up to 6% of total worldwide annual turnover.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 74(1)In the decision referred to in Article 73, the Commission may impose on the provider of the very large online platform or of the very large online search engine concerned fines not exceeding 6 % of its total worldwide annual turnover in the preceding financial year

- The Commission designated ChatGPT as a very large online search engine under the Digital Services Act, with compliance with additional obligations due by around January 2027.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 31 Aug 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Commission designates ChatGPT, Reddit, Roblox under Digital Services Act](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-designates-chatgpt-reddit-roblox-under-digital-services-act) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Press release bodyThe Commission has designated ChatGPT as a Very Large Online Search Engine (VLOSE), as well as Reddit and Roblox as Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs), under the Digital Services Act (DSA).
- [Commission designates ChatGPT, Reddit, Roblox under Digital Services Act](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-designates-chatgpt-reddit-roblox-under-digital-services-act) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Press release bodyFollowing the notification of the designations, these services have four months, i.e. by January 2027, to comply with the additional DSA obligations for VLOPs and VLOSEs
- [Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 33(6)The obligations set out in this Section shall apply, or cease to apply, to the very large online platforms and very large online search engines concerned from four months after the notification to the provider concerned referred to in the first subparagraph.

- Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act) sets cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements, including AI-enabled products, with staged application dates.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 71(2)This Regulation shall apply from 11 December 2027. However, Article 14 shall apply from 11 September 2026 and Chapter IV (Articles 35 to 51) shall apply from 11 June 2026.

- The Data Act applies from 12 September 2025.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 12 Sep 2025 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 (Data Act), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 50This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. It shall apply from 12 September 2025.

- Providers of data processing services, including cloud services used for AI, must enable customer switching under Articles 25 to 30 of the Data Act.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 (Data Act), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 23Providers of data processing services shall take the measures provided for in Articles 25, 26, 27, 29 and 30 to enable customers to switch to a data processing service, covering the same service type, which is provided by a different provider of data processing services, or to on-premises ICT infrastructure, or, where relevant, to use several providers of data processing services at the same time.

- Member States must transpose the Platform Work Directive by 2 December 2026.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 2 Dec 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Directive (EU) 2024/2831 (Platform Work Directive), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 29(1)Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 2 December 2026.

- Digital labour platforms must inform platform workers, their representatives and, on request, authorities of the use of automated monitoring or decision-making systems.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Directive (EU) 2024/2831 (Platform Work Directive), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 9(1)Member States shall require digital labour platforms to inform persons performing platform work, platform workers' representatives and, upon request, national competent authorities, of the use of automated monitoring systems or automated decision-making systems.

- Digital labour platforms may not use automated monitoring or decision-making systems to process personal data on a worker's emotional or psychological state.Confidence: Confirmed · evidencedEvidence and sources[Directive (EU) 2024/2831 (Platform Work Directive), Official Journal text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj/eng) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 7(1)(a)Digital labour platforms shall not, by means of automated monitoring systems or automated decision-making systems: (a) process any personal data on the emotional or psychological state of a person performing platform work;

- The Commission adopted the EU KIDS Act proposal (COM(2026) 681) on 17 September 2026.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 17 Sep 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[EU KIDS Act to restrict social media platforms' access to children in the EU (IP/26/1890)](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_26_1890/IP_26_1890_EN.pdf) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Opening paragraphToday, the European Commission has adopted the EU KIDS Act to enhance the online safety of children throughout the Union.

- The proposal would require AI companions and chatbots to be off by default and bar simulation of interpersonal relationships creating emotional dependency.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 17 Sep 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[EU KIDS Act to restrict social media platforms' access to children in the EU (IP/26/1890)](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_26_1890/IP_26_1890_EN.pdf) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Pillar 2 (Safety-by-design)In addition, AI companions and chatbots must be turned off by default and cannot simulate interpersonal relationships in ways that create emotional dependency.
- [EU KIDS Act to restrict social media platforms' access to children in the EU (IP/26/1890)](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_26_1890/IP_26_1890_EN.pdf) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Pillar 4 (Effective enforcement)The enforcement framework builds on the structures already in place under the Digital Services Act and the Artificial Intelligence Act, making use of established mechanisms and existing expertise.

- Derived: Probable Italian Legislative Decree 9 September 2026, n. 160 was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale and adapts national law to the AI Act for police use and liability.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 30 Sep 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Decreto legislativo 9 settembre 2026, n. 160 (Gazzetta Ufficiale entry)](https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2026/09/15/26G00179/SG) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · TitleAdaptation of national legislation to Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, as regards the use of AI systems for police activity and civil and criminal liability.
- [Decreto legislativo 9 settembre 2026, n. 160 (Gazzetta Ufficiale entry)](https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2026/09/15/26G00179/SG) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Gazzetta Ufficiale noteDate of entry into force of the measure: 30/09/2026

- Derived: Probable The Italian decree enters into force on 30 September 2026.Confidence: Confirmed · As of 30 Sep 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Decreto legislativo 9 settembre 2026, n. 160 (Gazzetta Ufficiale entry)](https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2026/09/15/26G00179/SG) T1 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Gazzetta Ufficiale noteDate of entry into force of the measure: 30/09/2026

- Derived: Probable Article 18 presumes the causal link where damage results from breach of one or more AI Act obligations, unless the contrary is proved.Confidence: Probable · As of 30 Sep 2026 · evidencedEvidence and sources[Decreto legislativo 9 settembre 2026, n. 160 (copy of the Gazzetta Ufficiale text hosted by FNOMCeO)](https://portale.fnomceo.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/dlgs-160.26.pdf) T3 · retrieved · retrieved 8 Oct 2026 · Article 18(1)Where the damage results from the breach of one or more obligations under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, the causal link is presumed, unless proved otherwise.

Open evidence