United States – California

6 instruments (6 current) · 4 obligations · 19 claims · 2 milestones

Instruments

• AB 316 - Artificial intelligence: defenses (no autonomous-AI defense) In force since 2026-01-01

  Adds Civil Code section 1714.46: a defendant who developed, modified or used AI alleged to have caused harm may not assert that the AI autonomously caused the harm; other defenses and comparative-fault evidence remain available.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order 14179 - Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Adopted 2025-01-23; entry into force not recorded

  Federal executive order setting the policy of sustaining US global AI dominance and directing an AI Action Plan within 180 days; the baseline deregulatory order that EO 14365 builds on. Directs federal agencies only.

  Binding · Authority: The White House (President) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence Adopted 2025-12-11; entry into force not recorded

  Federal executive order directing a DOJ AI Litigation Task Force to challenge state AI laws and Commerce to evaluate them; does not itself preempt state law and is binding on federal agencies only.

  Binding · Authority: U.S. Department of Justice - AI Litigation Task Force, U.S. Department of Commerce · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Proposed initiative 25-0034A1 - Regulates certain large AI companies (California AI Safety Commission) Draft, no legal force

  Proposed initiative statute that would create a seven-member California AI Safety Commission requiring safety plans and pre-notification of capability expansions from certain large AI companies; cleared for signature collection on 2026-02-04 and not on the 2026-06-25 certified ballot list.

  Authority: California Secretary of State · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 1106 - Agentic artificial intelligence (held in committee 2026) Draft, no legal force

  Bill on agentic AI; its last recorded action is a 2026-08-13 hearing at which it was held in committee under submission. No enactment evidenced.

  Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• White House National Policy Framework for AI: Legislative Recommendations (2026-03-20) Published 2026-03-20

  White House recommendations to Congress to preempt state AI laws that impose undue burdens, bar state regulation of AI development and bar penalising developers for third-party misuse, while preserving traditional state police powers. Recommendation only; not law.

  Non-binding · Authority: The White House (President) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• EO 14365 Sec. 3

  The Attorney General must establish within 30 days an AI Litigation Task Force whose sole responsibility is to challenge state AI laws inconsistent with the Order's policy.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence
• EO 14365 Sec. 4

  The Secretary of Commerce must publish within 90 days an evaluation of existing state AI laws identifying onerous laws.

  documentation · Applies to: other · Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence
• Civ. Code § 1714.46(b)-(c)

  In a civil action, a defendant who developed, modified or used AI alleged to have caused harm may not assert that the AI autonomously caused the harm; other affirmative defenses and comparative-fault evidence are preserved.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 316 - Artificial intelligence: defenses (no autonomous-AI defense)
• EO 14179 Sec. 4(a)

  Within 180 days of the order, the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, the Special Advisor for AI and Crypto and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, with other White House officials, must develop an AI Action Plan to sustain and enhance US global AI dominance.

  documentation · Applies to: other · Executive Order 14179 - Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence

Milestones

• 9 Jan 2026DOJ AI Litigation Task Force established by Attorney General memorandum Met
  Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence
• 11 Mar 2026 (conditional)Commerce evaluation of state AI laws due (90 days from EO; two secondary commentaries say it had not been published; no primary document found) Status not recorded
  Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence

9 instruments (8 current) · 9 obligations · 32 claims · 0 milestones

Instruments

• AB 1159 - Student personal information (bar on using student data to train AI) Adopted 2026-09-10; valid from 2027-01-01

  Amends KOPIPA and ELPIPA so operators of school-purpose sites and services may not use covered student information to train a generative AI system or service or to develop an AI system; creates the Higher Education Student Information Protection Act (operative 1 July 2027); gives harmed students a private action with a 60-day notice and cure step.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 1883 - Workplace surveillance tools using AI Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Prohibits employers from using AI workplace surveillance tools to infer employees' emotional state or to collect neural data, with penalties up to $500 per violation.

  Binding · Authority: Labor Commissioner (Division of Labor Standards Enforcement), Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 325 - Cartwright Act: common pricing algorithms Adopted 2025-10-06; valid from 2026-01-01

  Adds Business and Professions Code section 16729 making it unlawful to use or distribute a common pricing algorithm as part of a restraint of trade, or to coerce adoption of its recommended prices; adds a plausibility pleading standard for Cartwright Act complaints.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 489 - AI systems implying healthcare licensure Adopted 2025-10-11; valid from 2026-01-01

  Extends health-profession title protections to developers and deployers of AI or GenAI that use protected terms or phrases implying a healthcare licence.

  Binding · Authority: Health care professional licensing boards · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 621 - Deepfake pornography (Civil Code section 1708.86) Adopted 2025-10-13; valid from 2026-01-01

  Amends Civil Code section 1708.86: extends the cause of action over sexually explicit deepfakes to those who knowingly facilitate or recklessly aid deepfake pornography services, presumes service providers liable if they do not stop within 30 days of evidence, raises statutory damages to $50,000 ($250,000 if malicious) and lets public attorneys sue.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General, Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 1159 - Artificial intelligence: transparency and governance (public participation) Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Provides that AI systems and autonomous agents are not a "person" or "member of the public" under public-records, open-meeting and rulemaking statutes, and bars knowingly using AI to falsely represent that a person engaged with a government agency.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 1276 - Crimes: sexual exploitation of a child (AI-generated matter) Adopted 2026-09-10; valid from 2027-01-01

  Extends the child sexual-exploitation offences, including possession and distribution provisions and the mandated-reporter definition of sexual exploitation, to digitally altered or AI-generated matter depicting a person under 18 in sexual conduct.

  Binding · Authority: Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 867 - Toys with companion chatbots moratorium Adopted 2026-09-10; valid from 2027-01-01

  Prohibits manufacturing, selling or exchanging toys that include a companion chatbot until January 1, 2031.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 1064 - Leading Ethical AI Development (LEAD) for Kids Act (vetoed 2025) Vetoed 2025-10-13 Not current

  Bill that would have barred making companion chatbots available to users under 18 unless not foreseeably capable of specified harms; vetoed on 2025-10-13 as potentially amounting to a total ban for minors. SB 243 was signed and SB 1119 followed in 2026.

  Draft, no legal force · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22604.5(a)

  No person may manufacture, sell, exchange, possess with intent to sell, or offer to a retailer any toy that includes a companion chatbot; the prohibition is repealed on January 1, 2031.

  prohibition · Applies to: product manufacturer · SB 867 - Toys with companion chatbots moratorium
• Lab. Code § 1581(a)

  Employers must not use an AI workplace surveillance tool to recognize or infer emotional state or to collect neural data.

  prohibition · Applies to: deployer · AB 1883 - Workplace surveillance tools using AI
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 4999.8 et seq.

  Developers and deployers of AI or GenAI must not use terms, letters or phrases that falsely indicate or imply a healthcare licence in advertising or functionality.

  prohibition · Applies to: provider · AB 489 - AI systems implying healthcare licensure
• Gov. Code § 8319(a)

  No person may knowingly use AI to falsely represent that a natural person appeared before, submitted information to, or otherwise engaged with a governmental agency.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · SB 1159 - Artificial intelligence: transparency and governance (public participation)
• 2 CCR § 11009(f)

  Employers and other covered entities may not use an automated-decision system or selection criteria that discriminates against applicants or employees on a basis protected by FEHA, subject to available defenses; evidence of anti-bias testing is relevant to any claim or defense.

  prohibition · Applies to: deployer · Civil Rights Council employment regulations on automated-decision systems
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 16729(a)-(b)

  A person may not use or distribute a common pricing algorithm (a methodology used by two or more persons that uses competitor data to influence price or commercial terms) as part of a restraint of trade, and may not coerce another person to adopt its recommended prices or commercial terms.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 325 - Cartwright Act: common pricing algorithms
• Civ. Code § 1708.86

  A person may not knowingly facilitate or recklessly aid or abet the creation or disclosure of digitized sexually explicit material without consent; a provider of services enabling a deepfake pornography service that does not stop within 30 days of receiving sufficient evidence is presumed to be knowingly facilitating.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 621 - Deepfake pornography (Civil Code section 1708.86)
• Penal Code § 311.11(a)-(b) (as amended)

  It is an offence knowingly to possess, distribute or access digitally altered or AI-generated matter depicting a person under 18 in sexual conduct; obscenity need not be proved.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · SB 1276 - Crimes: sexual exploitation of a child (AI-generated matter)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22584(b)(5) (as amended)

  An operator, or an entity working on its behalf, of a site, service or application used and designed for school purposes may not use covered student information, including persistent unique identifiers, to train a generative AI system or service or to develop an AI system.

  prohibition · Applies to: provider · AB 1159 - Student personal information (bar on using student data to train AI)

6 instruments (6 current) · 13 obligations · 29 claims · 5 milestones

Instruments

• AB 1018 - Automated decision systems (no enactment evidenced) Draft, no legal force

  Automated decision systems accountability bill: passed the Assembly in 2025, was ordered to the Senate inactive file on 2025-09-13, returned from the inactive file on 2026-08-21, and its last recorded action is 2026-08-30 (read second time, ordered to third reading). No passage, signature or veto is recorded.

  Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 1405 - AI Auditor Registry Adopted 2026-09-09; valid from 2027-01-01

  Requires the Government Operations Agency to establish an AI Auditor Registry by January 1, 2029 and bars unregistered persons from offering or conducting covered AI audits from that date.

  Binding · Authority: California Government Operations Agency (GovOps) · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• CCPA regulations: automated decisionmaking technology (ADMT) and risk assessments In force since 2026-01-01

  CalPrivacy regulations effective January 1, 2026 requiring risk assessments for high-risk processing and giving consumers pre-use notice, opt-out and access rights for ADMT used in significant decisions, with ADMT compliance due by January 1, 2027.

  Binding · Authority: California Privacy Protection Agency (CalPrivacy), California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Civil Rights Council employment regulations on automated-decision systems In force since 2025-10-01

  Council regulations, effective October 1, 2025, clarifying how existing California antidiscrimination law applies to AI, algorithms and automated-decision systems in employment decisions.

  Binding · Authority: California Civil Rights Council, California Civil Rights Department · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 1119 (Adam's Law) - Companion chatbots: children's safety Adopted 2026-09-10; valid from 2027-01-01

  Adds Business and Professions Code Chapter 21810 et seq.: companion chatbot operators must assess and mitigate child safety risks from July 1, 2027, obtain independent child safety audits by January 1, 2029, with public prosecutor penalties and a private right of action for harmed children.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General, Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 813 - Independent verification organizations Adopted 2026-09-09; valid from 2027-01-01

  Directs the Government Operations Agency to designate and regulate independent verification organizations (IVOs) that assess AI risk, with application requirements, criteria and suspension procedures due by January 1, 2028.

  Binding · Authority: California Government Operations Agency (GovOps) · Verified 8 Oct 2026

Obligations

• Bus. & Prof. Code § 21812(a)

  Before making a new or substantially modified companion chatbot available, operators must perform and document a child-safety risk assessment and take measures to mitigate identified child safety risks.

  risk management · Applies to: provider · SB 1119 (Adam's Law) - Companion chatbots: children's safety
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 21814(a)

  Operators must ensure an independent child safety audit by January 1, 2029 (or before first public availability if later) and every two years after, and before substantial modifications that increase child safety risk.

  conformity assessment · Applies to: provider · SB 1119 (Adam's Law) - Companion chatbots: children's safety
• Gov. Code § 8898.1

  On or before January 1, 2028, the Government Operations Agency must develop IVO application requirements, procedures to suspend or terminate designations, and criteria for designating AI auditors as IVOs.

  authorisation · Applies to: other · SB 813 - Independent verification organizations
• Gov. Code § 11549.82.5

  From January 1, 2029, no person may offer, sell or conduct a covered AI audit unless registered with the Government Operations Agency.

  registration · Applies to: other · AB 1405 - AI Auditor Registry
• Gov. Code § 11549.82(a)

  No later than January 1, 2029 the Government Operations Agency must establish an AI Auditor Registry allowing auditors to register and natural persons to report misconduct.

  registration · Applies to: other · AB 1405 - AI Auditor Registry
• 11 CCR §§ 7200, 7220

  Businesses using ADMT for significant decisions must provide a Pre-use Notice explaining the ADMT use and consumers' rights, and comply with Article 11 by January 1, 2027.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · CCPA regulations: automated decisionmaking technology (ADMT) and risk assessments
• 11 CCR § 7221

  Businesses must give consumers the ability to opt out of ADMT use for significant decisions, unless a human appeal route with authority to overturn the decision is provided.

  human oversight · Applies to: deployer · CCPA regulations: automated decisionmaking technology (ADMT) and risk assessments
• 11 CCR § 7222

  Businesses must provide plain-language information on the purpose and logic of ADMT use when responding to access requests.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · CCPA regulations: automated decisionmaking technology (ADMT) and risk assessments
• 11 CCR § 7150(a)

  Businesses whose processing presents significant risk to consumer privacy must conduct a risk assessment before initiating that processing.

  risk management · Applies to: deployer · CCPA regulations: automated decisionmaking technology (ADMT) and risk assessments
• Employment Regulations Regarding Automated-Decision Systems (Civil Rights Council), operative text not opened

  Employers and covered entities remain subject to existing antidiscrimination law when using AI, algorithms or automated-decision systems in employment decisions, as clarified by the regulations.

  other · Applies to: deployer · Civil Rights Council employment regulations on automated-decision systems
• 2 CCR § 11009(f)

  Employers and other covered entities may not use an automated-decision system or selection criteria that discriminates against applicants or employees on a basis protected by FEHA, subject to available defenses; evidence of anti-bias testing is relevant to any claim or defense.

  prohibition · Applies to: deployer · Civil Rights Council employment regulations on automated-decision systems
• 2 CCR § 11008(b)

  A person acting on behalf of an employer to exercise employer functions, including through an automated decision system (for example screening or hiring), is an agent and is also an employer for FEHA purposes.

  other · Applies to: provider · Civil Rights Council employment regulations on automated-decision systems
• 2 CCR § 11013(c)

  Employers and covered entities must preserve personnel and employment records, expressly including selection criteria and automated-decision system data, for the period stated in the section.

  record keeping · Applies to: deployer · Civil Rights Council employment regulations on automated-decision systems

Milestones

• 1 Jan 2027ADMT compliance date for businesses already using ADMT for significant decisions Upcoming
  CCPA regulations: automated decisionmaking technology (ADMT) and risk assessments
• 1 Jul 2027Companion chatbot child-safety risk assessment duties operative Upcoming
  SB 1119 (Adam's Law) - Companion chatbots: children's safety
• 1 Jan 2028Government Operations Agency IVO framework due (statutory) Upcoming
  SB 813 - Independent verification organizations
• 1 Jan 2029First independent child safety audit due Upcoming
  SB 1119 (Adam's Law) - Companion chatbots: children's safety
• 1 Jan 2029AI Auditor Registry due and registration requirement begins Upcoming
  AB 1405 - AI Auditor Registry

4 instruments (3 current) · 5 obligations · 20 claims · 4 milestones

Instruments

• Executive Order 14409 - Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security Adopted 2026-06-02; entry into force not recorded

  Federal executive order directing agencies to improve cyber defence, create a voluntary frontier-model deployment framework built on a classified cyber benchmark, and protect against criminal actors; states it does not authorise mandatory licensing or preclearance. It contains no text addressing state AI laws.

  Binding · Authority: The White House (President) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations In force since 2026-09-18

  Directs the Government Operations Agency to accelerate SB 813 and AB 1405 implementation (May 1, 2027 and December 1, 2027) and, with Cal OES, to recommend stronger frontier AI safeguards by November 16, 2026.

  Binding · Authority: California Government Operations Agency (GovOps) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53) In force since 2026-01-01

  Requires large frontier developers to publish and follow a frontier AI framework, publish transparency reports, and report critical safety incidents to Cal OES, with Attorney General civil penalties up to $1,000,000 per violation.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 1047 - Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier AI Models (vetoed 2024) Vetoed 2024-09-29 Not current

  Frontier-model safety bill that would have required developers and compute providers of large AI models to adopt safeguards and created a Board of Frontier Models; vetoed on 2024-09-29. SB 53 followed in 2025.

  Draft, no legal force · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(a)-(b)

  Large frontier developers must write, implement, comply with and publish a frontier AI framework, review it annually and republish material modifications within 30 days.

  risk management · Applies to: provider · Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53)
• Order ¶ 1

  GovOps must complete Government Code section 8898.1 requirements and post IVO application requirements, procedures and criteria no later than May 1, 2027.

  authorisation · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• Order ¶ 2

  GovOps must complete Government Code section 11549.82(a) requirements and begin the actions required by subdivision (b) no later than December 1, 2027.

  registration · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• Order ¶ 3

  GovOps, with Cal OES, must submit recommendations on embedding IVOs onsite, verified frameworks, kill-switch requirements and incident definitions no later than November 16, 2026.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• EO 14409 Sec. 3(a)

  Within 60 days of the order, Treasury, War (through NSA) and Homeland Security (through CISA), in consultation with White House and Commerce officials, must develop and maintain a classified benchmarking process to assess AI models' advanced cyber capabilities and set the threshold for designating a covered frontier model; the section creates no mandatory licensing requirement.

  risk management · Applies to: other · Executive Order 14409 - Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security

Milestones

• 16 Nov 2026GovOps/Cal OES recommendations on frontier AI safety amendments due to Governor Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• 1 Jan 2027Department of Technology first annual recommendations on frontier definitions due Upcoming
  Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53)
• 1 May 2027GovOps completes Gov. Code section 8898.1 requirements (IVO application requirements and criteria) Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• 1 Dec 2027GovOps completes Gov. Code section 11549.82(a) requirements (AI Auditor Registry) Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations

18 instruments (17 current) · 21 obligations · 77 claims · 6 milestones

Instruments

• AB 1609 - Customer service chatbots Adopted 2026-09-28; valid from 2027-01-01

  Prohibits large private businesses from representing a customer service chatbot as human, requires disclosure and a human-contact customer service feature, with public prosecutor penalties.

  Binding · Authority: Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 2355 - Political Reform Act: AI disclosure in political advertisements Adopted 2024-09-17; valid from 2025-01-01

  Adds Government Code section 84514: committee-paid political advertisements containing AI-generated or substantially altered images, audio or video must carry a prescribed AI disclosure; enforced by the Fair Political Practices Commission under the Political Reform Act.

  Binding · Authority: California Fair Political Practices Commission · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 2655 - Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 (enjoined as to X Corp. and Rumble) Adopted 2024-09-17; valid from 2025-01-01

  Requires large online platforms to block or label materially deceptive election content in specified periods and provide reporting procedures. On 2025-08-20 the Eastern District of California declared it preempted by 47 U.S.C. section 230 as applied to X Corp. and Rumble and permanently enjoined enforcement against them; the statute remains on the books.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 2713 - CAITA system provenance data amendments Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Revises large online platform provenance duties under CAITA, including the user interface for inspecting system provenance data.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 2839 - Elections: deceptive media in advertisements (2024; enjoined as to named plaintiffs) In force since 2024-09-17

  Urgency statute adding Elections Code section 20012 (120-day pre-election ban on malicious distribution of materially deceptive election content). On 2025-08-29 the Eastern District of California granted summary judgment to the plaintiff in Kohls v. Bonta and permanently enjoined enforcement against the named plaintiffs; AB 502 (2026) later amended section 20012.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 3030 - Health care services: generative AI patient communications Adopted 2024-09-28; valid from 2025-01-01

  Adds Health and Safety Code section 1339.75: health facilities, clinics and physician offices using generative AI for patient clinical communications must include an AI-generated disclaimer and instructions for reaching a human, unless a licensed provider read and reviewed the communication; physician violations fall to the medical boards.

  Binding · Authority: Health care professional licensing boards · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 502 - Elections: deceptive media in advertisements (replaces AB 2839) In force since 2026-09-19

  Urgency statute amending Elections Code section 20012: prohibits knowingly distributing, with malice, materially deceptive election content within 30 days before an election (and for election officials and voting equipment from 30 days before through 38 days after); exempts reasonable-person satire or parody; only the depicted individual may sue for injunction or damages.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 621 - Deepfake pornography (Civil Code section 1708.86) Adopted 2025-10-13; valid from 2026-01-01

  Amends Civil Code section 1708.86: extends the cause of action over sexually explicit deepfakes to those who knowingly facilitate or recklessly aid deepfake pornography services, presumes service providers liable if they do not stop within 30 days of evidence, raises statutory damages to $50,000 ($250,000 if malicious) and lets public attorneys sue.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General, Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 853 - California AI Transparency Act amendments (platforms, hosting, capture devices) Adopted 2025-10-13; valid from 2026-01-01

  Delays CAITA to August 2, 2026 and adds duties for large online platforms and GenAI hosting platforms from 2027 and for capture device manufacturers from 2028.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• California AI Transparency Act (SB 942), as amended In force since 2025-01-01

  Requires covered generative AI providers to offer a free verification tool and embed latent disclosures in AI-generated image, video and audio content; operative August 2, 2026 after AB 853 delayed it and then amended by SB 1000 and AB 2713.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 1000 - CAITA amendments (covered-provider threshold removed, disclosure verification tool) In force since 2026-09-30

  Deletes the 1,000,000-user threshold from the covered-provider definition, renames the detection tool a disclosure verification tool, drops the manifest-disclosure option and takes effect immediately as an urgency statute.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 1050 - Synthetic performers in advertising Adopted 2026-09-16; valid from 2027-01-01

  Makes it an unlawful advertising practice to publish an advertisement prominently including a synthetic performer without a clear and conspicuous disclosure.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 1111 - Digital replicas Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Extends the Civil Code section 3344 right of publicity to digital replicas and treats use of a digital replica with intent to impersonate as false impersonation.

  Binding · Authority: Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 243 - Companion chatbots In force since 2026-01-01

  Requires companion chatbot operators to disclose AI status, maintain a suicide and self-harm protocol, add protections for known minors and report annually to the Office of Suicide Prevention from July 1, 2027; private right of action.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 361 - Data brokers: registration disclosure of sales to GenAI developers Adopted 2025-10-08; valid from 2026-01-01

  Amends the Delete Act data-broker registration: brokers must disclose whether in the past year they shared or sold consumers' data to a developer of a generative AI system, alongside other recipients; also adjusts fines for failure to register.

  Binding · Authority: California Privacy Protection Agency (CalPrivacy) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 524 - Law enforcement agencies: artificial intelligence (AI-generated police reports) Adopted 2025-10-10; valid from 2026-01-01

  Adds Penal Code section 13663: law enforcement agencies must keep a policy requiring AI-assisted official reports to carry an AI disclosure and the preparing officer's signature, retain the first draft and an audit trail, and bar contracted vendors from reusing agency data.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• TAKE IT DOWN Act (Public Law 119-12) - notice and removal of nonconsensual intimate imagery including deepfakes Applies since 2026-05-19

  Federal statute requiring covered platforms to run a notice-and-removal process and remove reported nonconsensual intimate visual depictions, including digital forgeries, and known identical copies within 48 hours; platform duties enforceable by the FTC from 19 May 2026. Overlaps California Civil Code section 1708.86; no conflict found.

  Binding · Authority: U.S. Federal Trade Commission · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 11 - Artificial intelligence technology: digital replicas (vetoed 2025) Vetoed 2025-10-13 Not current

  Bill amending right-of-publicity and false-impersonation law for digital replicas and requiring AI tools to carry a liability warning hyperlink; vetoed on 2025-10-13 and the veto was sustained on 2026-03-02.

  Draft, no legal force · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.3

  Covered providers must embed a latent disclosure in image, video and audio content their GenAI system creates or alters, to the extent technically feasible.

  marking or watermarking · Applies to: provider · California AI Transparency Act (SB 942), as amended
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.2

  Covered providers must make a no-cost disclosure verification tool available so users can assess whether content was created or altered by the provider's GenAI system.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: provider · California AI Transparency Act (SB 942), as amended
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.3.1

  From January 1, 2027, large online platforms must detect provenance data embedded in or attached to content they distribute.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: other · AB 853 - California AI Transparency Act amendments (platforms, hosting, capture devices)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.3.2

  From January 1, 2027, a GenAI system hosting platform must not knowingly make available a GenAI system that does not place the required disclosures.

  prohibition · Applies to: distributor · AB 853 - California AI Transparency Act amendments (platforms, hosting, capture devices)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.3.3

  From January 1, 2028, capture device manufacturers must give users the option to include a latent disclosure, including the manufacturer name, in content captured by devices first produced for sale in the state on or after that date.

  marking or watermarking · Applies to: product manufacturer · AB 853 - California AI Transparency Act amendments (platforms, hosting, capture devices)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.2(a)

  Every covered provider (no user threshold) must make available a free disclosure verification tool, which may point to a compliant third-party tool.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: provider · SB 1000 - CAITA amendments (covered-provider threshold removed, disclosure verification tool)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.4.1

  Violation of the platform-provenance prohibition in section 22757.3(d) is subject to a $50,000 civil penalty per violation recoverable by the AG, a city attorney or county counsel.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · SB 1000 - CAITA amendments (covered-provider threshold removed, disclosure verification tool)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.3.1(a)

  Large online platforms must detect provenance data in distributed content and provide a user interface that reliably indicates whether content is GenAI-generated or capture-device captured.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: other · AB 2713 - CAITA system provenance data amendments
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22602(a)-(b)

  Operators must issue a clear AI-disclosure notification where a user could be misled and must maintain and publish a protocol preventing suicide and self-harm content, with crisis-service referrals.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: provider · SB 243 - Companion chatbots
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22602(c)

  For users known to be minors, operators must disclose AI status, notify at least every three hours to take a break, and reasonably prevent sexually explicit visual material.

  human oversight · Applies to: provider · SB 243 - Companion chatbots
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22626

  Large private businesses must not represent a customer service chatbot as human and must clearly disclose it is artificially generated where a reasonable person might otherwise be misled.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · AB 1609 - Customer service chatbots
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 17610

  Advertisements that prominently include a synthetic performer must carry a clear and conspicuous disclosure of that fact.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · SB 1050 - Synthetic performers in advertising
• Civ. Code § 3344; Penal Code § 540

  Using another person's voice or likeness, including a digital replica, without consent for commercial purposes is actionable, and using a digital replica to impersonate is false impersonation.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · SB 1111 - Digital replicas
• Penal Code § 13663(a)-(b)

  Each law enforcement agency must maintain a policy requiring any official report generated fully or partly with AI to identify the AI program used, state that it was written with AI, and carry the signature of the preparing officer verifying it; the first AI draft must be retained as long as the report.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · SB 524 - Law enforcement agencies: artificial intelligence (AI-generated police reports)
• Civ. Code § 1708.86

  A person may not knowingly facilitate or recklessly aid or abet the creation or disclosure of digitized sexually explicit material without consent; a provider of services enabling a deepfake pornography service that does not stop within 30 days of receiving sufficient evidence is presumed to be knowingly facilitating.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 621 - Deepfake pornography (Civil Code section 1708.86)
• Elec. Code § 20012(b)(1)

  During the period set in subdivision (c) (30 days before an election; for election officials and voting equipment, 30 days before to 38 days after), a person may not with malice knowingly distribute an advertisement or election communication with materially deceptive content; satire and parody are excepted.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 502 - Elections: deceptive media in advertisements (replaces AB 2839)
• Health & Saf. Code § 1339.75(a)

  A health facility, clinic, physician's office or group practice using generative AI to generate patient clinical-information communications must include a disclaimer that the communication was AI-generated and clear instructions for contacting a human; communications read and reviewed by a licensed provider are exempt.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · AB 3030 - Health care services: generative AI patient communications
• Gov. Code § 84514(a)

  A committee that creates, originally publishes or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement containing AI-generated or substantially altered image, audio or video must include a specified disclosure, displayed or spoken as prescribed for the medium.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: other · AB 2355 - Political Reform Act: AI disclosure in political advertisements
• Elec. Code Div. 20, Ch. 7 (§ 20510 et seq.)

  A large online platform must develop and implement procedures to identify and remove, and to label, reported materially deceptive election content in specified periods around a California election. Enjoined as applied to X Corp. and Rumble.

  other · Applies to: other · AB 2655 - Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 (enjoined as to X Corp. and Rumble)
• Elec. Code § 20012 (as added by AB 2839)

  A person, committee or entity may not knowingly distribute, with malice, an election advertisement or communication containing materially deceptive content within 120 days before an election (and in specified cases 60 days after), subject to exemptions. Enjoined as to the named plaintiffs in Kohls v. Bonta.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 2839 - Elections: deceptive media in advertisements (2024; enjoined as to named plaintiffs)
• TAKE IT DOWN Act Sec. 3(a)(1), (3)

  A covered platform must establish a process for individuals to notify it of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions and must remove a depiction, and make reasonable efforts to remove known identical copies, within 48 hours of a valid request.

  other · Applies to: other · TAKE IT DOWN Act (Public Law 119-12) - notice and removal of nonconsensual intimate imagery including deepfakes

Milestones

• 19 May 2026Covered-platform notice and removal duties become enforceable Met
  TAKE IT DOWN Act (Public Law 119-12) - notice and removal of nonconsensual intimate imagery including deepfakes
• 2 Aug 2026CAITA operative (delayed from 2026-01-01 by AB 853) Met
  California AI Transparency Act (SB 942), as amended
• 1 Jan 2027Large online platform and GenAI hosting platform duties begin Upcoming
  AB 853 - California AI Transparency Act amendments (platforms, hosting, capture devices)
• 1 Jul 2027First annual SB 243 reports to Office of Suicide Prevention begin Upcoming
  SB 243 - Companion chatbots
• 1 Jul 2027Operators begin annual reports to the Office of Suicide Prevention Upcoming
  SB 243 - Companion chatbots
• 1 Jan 2028Capture device manufacturer duties begin for devices first produced on or after this date Upcoming
  AB 853 - California AI Transparency Act amendments (platforms, hosting, capture devices)

3 instruments (3 current) · 2 obligations · 15 claims · 1 milestone

Instruments

• AB 2013 - Generative AI training data transparency Applies since 2026-01-01

  Requires developers of publicly available generative AI systems to post documentation about training data on their websites on or before January 1, 2026 and on each new or substantially modified release; under challenge in X.AI v. Bonta.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 412 - Generative AI training data: copyrighted materials (held in committee 2026) Draft, no legal force

  Bill on documentation of copyrighted training data; its last recorded action is being held under submission in committee on 2026-08-13. No enactment evidenced.

  Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 361 - Data brokers: registration disclosure of sales to GenAI developers Adopted 2025-10-08; valid from 2026-01-01

  Amends the Delete Act data-broker registration: brokers must disclose whether in the past year they shared or sold consumers' data to a developer of a generative AI system, alongside other recipients; also adjusts fines for failure to register.

  Binding · Authority: California Privacy Protection Agency (CalPrivacy) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Civ. Code § 3111

  Developers must post documentation on their website about the data used to train a generative AI system or service, including a high-level summary of datasets, on or before 2026-01-01 and before each new or substantially modified public release.

  documentation · Applies to: provider · AB 2013 - Generative AI training data transparency
• Civ. Code § 1798.99.82 (as amended by SB 361)

  A registered data broker must provide registration information on whether, in the past year, it shared or sold consumers' data to a developer of a GenAI system, among other recipients.

  registration · Applies to: other · SB 361 - Data brokers: registration disclosure of sales to GenAI developers

Milestones

• 1 Jan 2026First AB 2013 training-data documentation due Met
  AB 2013 - Generative AI training data transparency

24 instruments (21 current) · 21 obligations · 87 claims · 9 milestones

Instruments

• AB 1043 - Digital Age Assurance Act (operating-system age-bracket signal) In force from 2027-01-01

  Adds the Digital Age Assurance Act (Civil Code section 1798.500 et seq.): from 1 January 2027 operating system providers must collect an age bracket at account setup and send an age-bracket signal to applications; the Attorney General may seek civil penalties. SB 1119 relies on this signal for age assurance in AI chatbots.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 1159 - Student personal information (bar on using student data to train AI) Adopted 2026-09-10; valid from 2027-01-01

  Amends KOPIPA and ELPIPA so operators of school-purpose sites and services may not use covered student information to train a generative AI system or service or to develop an AI system; creates the Higher Education Student Information Protection Act (operative 1 July 2027); gives harmed students a private action with a 60-day notice and cure step.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 1331 - Workplace surveillance Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Adds Labor Code Part 5.8 limiting employer workplace surveillance tools, including a bar on surveillance in workplace bathrooms; defines AI and carves out only tools without embedded AI or audio/video capture; $500 per violation.

  Binding · Authority: Labor Commissioner (Division of Labor Standards Enforcement), Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 1979 - AI clinical decision support Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Requires health facilities, clinics and practices to ensure licensed providers retain independent professional judgment when care is informed by clinical decision support system output.

  Binding · Authority: Health care professional licensing boards · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 2392 - Public higher education generative AI procurement and training Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Requires California Community Colleges and CSU, and requests UC, to convene a working group on GenAI procurement standards and training, with recommendations by January 1, 2028.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 2545 - Report: labor force impact of artificial intelligence (held in committee 2026) Draft, no legal force

  Bill requiring a report on AI labour-force impacts; held under submission in committee on 2026-08-13. No enactment evidenced.

  Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 3030 - Health care services: generative AI patient communications Adopted 2024-09-28; valid from 2025-01-01

  Adds Health and Safety Code section 1339.75: health facilities, clinics and physician offices using generative AI for patient clinical communications must include an AI-generated disclaimer and instructions for reaching a human, unless a licensed provider read and reviewed the communication; physician violations fall to the medical boards.

  Binding · Authority: Health care professional licensing boards · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 489 - AI systems implying healthcare licensure Adopted 2025-10-11; valid from 2026-01-01

  Extends health-profession title protections to developers and deployers of AI or GenAI that use protected terms or phrases implying a healthcare licence.

  Binding · Authority: Health care professional licensing boards · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• California Department of Insurance Bulletin 2022-5 (racial bias and unfair discrimination, including AI and algorithms) Published 2022-06-30

  Insurance Commissioner bulletin to insurers noting that greater use of AI, algorithms and other data models has increased complaints about unfair discrimination, and stating that adverse actions based on complex algorithms must come with specific reasons.

  Regulatory expectation · Authority: California Department of Insurance · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• California Rules of Court, Rule 10.430 - Generative artificial intelligence use policies (courts) In force since 2025-09-01

  Requires each California court that does not prohibit generative AI use by court staff or judicial officers to adopt a use policy by December 15, 2025 that bars entering confidential data into public generative AI systems, bars unlawful discrimination, requires verification of output, and requires disclosure where public-facing work consists entirely of generative AI output.

  Binding · Authority: Judicial Council of California · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order N-5-26 - trusted AI procurement certifications In force since 2026-03-30

  Directs DGS and the Department of Technology to recommend, within 120 days, new certifications in state contracting for vendors to attest to safeguards against AI misuse.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of General Services, California Department of Technology · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order N-6-26 - AI and the workforce In force since 2026-05-21

  Directs state agencies on AI and the workforce: an EDD dashboard on AI employment impacts within 90 days; LWDA review of California WARN Act and displaced-worker safety nets within 180 days; LWDA reviews on collective bargaining and training programs and a GovOps report on directing a portion of AI-company revenue to public-good AI by 15 October 2026.

  Binding · Authority: Governor of California · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Proposed initiative 25-0036A1 - Child safety requirements for AI products, including chatbots Draft, no legal force

  Proposed initiative statute on child safety requirements for AI products including chatbots; title and summary issued 2026-02-10; no qualification evidence found and it is not on the 2026-06-25 certified ballot list.

  Authority: California Secretary of State · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 1011 - Utility infrastructure AI safety and oversight (inactive file 2026) Draft, no legal force

  Utility AI bill that was ordered to the inactive file on 2026-05-28 at the author's request; no enactment evidenced.

  Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 1159 - Artificial intelligence: transparency and governance (public participation) Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Provides that AI systems and autonomous agents are not a "person" or "member of the public" under public-records, open-meeting and rulemaking statutes, and bars knowingly using AI to falsely represent that a person engaged with a government agency.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 503 - Health care services: artificial intelligence (bias in clinical decision support) Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Requires developers and deployers of clinical decision support systems to make reasonable efforts to identify and mitigate biased impacts in health programs or activities.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 524 - Law enforcement agencies: artificial intelligence (AI-generated police reports) Adopted 2025-10-10; valid from 2026-01-01

  Adds Penal Code section 13663: law enforcement agencies must keep a policy requiring AI-assisted official reports to carry an AI disclosure and the preparing officer's signature, retain the first draft and an audit trail, and bar contracted vendors from reusing agency data.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 574 - Attorneys, arbitrators and judicial officers: generative AI Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Bars attorneys from delegating the practice of law to generative AI, requires verification of AI output and protection of confidential information, and bars arbitrators from delegating decisionmaking to generative AI.

  Binding · Authority: State Bar of California · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 928 - California State University: faculty employees (human instructor of record) Adopted 2026-08-27; valid from 2027-01-01

  Adds Education Code section 89500.3: the instructor of record for a CSU course must be a person meeting the faculty-employee rule; CSU employees remain free to use AI tools to assist operations and services.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 947 - No Robo Bosses Act of 2026 (automated decision systems in the workplace) Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-07-01

  Bars employers from relying solely on an automated decision system for disciplinary or termination decisions, requires human corroboration and employee data access, operative July 1, 2027, with a $500 civil penalty per violation.

  Binding · Authority: Labor Commissioner (Division of Labor Standards Enforcement), Public prosecutors (district attorneys, city attorneys, county counsel) · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• SB 951 - Employment: technological displacement notice (Cal/WARN) Adopted 2026-09-30; valid from 2027-01-01

  Amends the Cal/WARN Act so that mass-layoff notices for layoffs caused substantially by AI or automation must state the displaced job functions and technology type; EDD must publish summaries and report to the Legislature by January 1, 2028.

  Binding · Authority: California Employment Development Department · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 2575 - Health care services: artificial intelligence (vetoed 2026) Vetoed 2026-09-30 Not current

  Bill on health-care worker override of clinical decision support output; passed both houses and was vetoed by the Governor on 2026-09-30. One law-firm veto list omitted it; the Legislature's history confirms the veto.

  Draft, no legal force · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 7 - Employment: automated decision systems (vetoed 2025) Vetoed 2025-10-13 Not current

  Bill on employer use of automated decision systems in employment decisions; vetoed by the Governor on 2025-10-13 and the veto sustained on 2026-03-02. Evidenced negative: no statute resulted.

  Draft, no legal force · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 903 - Mental health professionals: artificial intelligence (vetoed 2026) Vetoed 2026-09-30 Not current

  Bill that would have barred companion chatbots in psychotherapy services and restricted licensed professionals' AI use; vetoed by the Governor on 2026-09-30. Evidenced negative.

  Draft, no legal force · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Lab. Code § 1522(b)-(c)

  Employers must not rely solely on an ADS for disciplinary or termination decisions; where primarily relying on ADS output, a human must corroborate it, and uncorroborated or inaccurate output must not be used.

  human oversight · Applies to: deployer · SB 947 - No Robo Bosses Act of 2026 (automated decision systems in the workplace)
• Health & Safety Code § 22758.5(a)

  Health facilities, clinics and physician offices must take reasonable steps to ensure licensed providers retain independent professional judgment when care is informed by a clinical decision support system.

  human oversight · Applies to: deployer · AB 1979 - AI clinical decision support
• Health & Safety Code § 22758(a)(1)

  Developers and deployers must make reasonable efforts to identify clinical decision support systems with known or foreseeable risk of biased impacts in health programs or activities.

  risk management · Applies to: deployer · SB 503 - Health care services: artificial intelligence (bias in clinical decision support)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 4999.8 et seq.

  Developers and deployers of AI or GenAI must not use terms, letters or phrases that falsely indicate or imply a healthcare licence in advertising or functionality.

  prohibition · Applies to: provider · AB 489 - AI systems implying healthcare licensure
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 6068.1(a)

  Attorneys must not delegate the practice of law to generative AI, must not enter confidential or personal information into a generative AI system as specified, and must take reasonable steps to verify AI output accuracy.

  human oversight · Applies to: deployer · SB 574 - Attorneys, arbitrators and judicial officers: generative AI
• Code Civ. Proc. § 1282.1(b)

  Arbitrators must not delegate any part of their decisionmaking process to a generative AI tool.

  prohibition · Applies to: deployer · SB 574 - Attorneys, arbitrators and judicial officers: generative AI
• Educ. Code § 66098.1

  The CCC Chancellor's office and CSU must convene an intersegmental working group on GenAI procurement standards and training (UC is requested to), with recommendations due by January 1, 2028.

  other · Applies to: deployer · AB 2392 - Public higher education generative AI procurement and training
• Gov. Code § 8319(a)

  No person may knowingly use AI to falsely represent that a natural person appeared before, submitted information to, or otherwise engaged with a governmental agency.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · SB 1159 - Artificial intelligence: transparency and governance (public participation)
• Order ¶ 1

  DGS and CDT must submit to the Governor within 120 days recommendations for new certifications in state contracting on safeguards to protect public safety and prevent misuse of AI.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-5-26 - trusted AI procurement certifications
• Lab. Code § 1401(d)(1)

  An employer giving Cal/WARN notice of a mass layoff, relocation or termination caused in whole or substantial part by AI or automation must include the layoffs due to automation, the job functions automated, the AI category, and a technology-displacement statement.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · SB 951 - Employment: technological displacement notice (Cal/WARN)
• Lab. Code § 1401(d)(2)

  The Employment Development Department must publish a summary of technology-displacement notices on its website and a quarterly statewide summary.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: other · SB 951 - Employment: technological displacement notice (Cal/WARN)
• Lab. Code § 1402.7(b)

  The Employment Development Department must submit to the Legislature a report on AI effects on business hiring practices on or before January 1, 2028; the section is repealed January 1, 2029.

  documentation · Applies to: other · SB 951 - Employment: technological displacement notice (Cal/WARN)
• Lab. Code § 1561(a)-(b)

  Employers may not use a workplace surveillance tool to monitor employees in a workplace bathroom, and employees may leave surveillance tools behind when entering a bathroom, subject to listed exceptions.

  prohibition · Applies to: deployer · AB 1331 - Workplace surveillance
• Penal Code § 13663(a)-(b)

  Each law enforcement agency must maintain a policy requiring any official report generated fully or partly with AI to identify the AI program used, state that it was written with AI, and carry the signature of the preparing officer verifying it; the first AI draft must be retained as long as the report.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · SB 524 - Law enforcement agencies: artificial intelligence (AI-generated police reports)
• Penal Code § 13663(c)-(d)

  The agency must keep an audit trail identifying who used AI and the footage used; a contracted vendor may not share, sell or otherwise use agency data processed by AI except for the agency's purposes or under court order.

  record keeping · Applies to: deployer · SB 524 - Law enforcement agencies: artificial intelligence (AI-generated police reports)
• Civ. Code § 1798.501(a)

  An operating system provider must provide an accessible interface at account setup requiring the account holder to indicate the user's birth date or age and must provide developers who request it a real-time age-bracket signal.

  other · Applies to: other · AB 1043 - Digital Age Assurance Act (operating-system age-bracket signal)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22584(b)(5) (as amended)

  An operator, or an entity working on its behalf, of a site, service or application used and designed for school purposes may not use covered student information, including persistent unique identifiers, to train a generative AI system or service or to develop an AI system.

  prohibition · Applies to: provider · AB 1159 - Student personal information (bar on using student data to train AI)
• Ed. Code § 89500.3(b), (d)

  The instructor of record for a CSU course must be a person who meets the faculty-employee rule; the section does not prohibit CSU employees from using AI tools to assist operations or student services.

  human oversight · Applies to: deployer · SB 928 - California State University: faculty employees (human instructor of record)
• Health & Saf. Code § 1339.75(a)

  A health facility, clinic, physician's office or group practice using generative AI to generate patient clinical-information communications must include a disclaimer that the communication was AI-generated and clear instructions for contacting a human; communications read and reviewed by a licensed provider are exempt.

  transparency disclosure · Applies to: deployer · AB 3030 - Health care services: generative AI patient communications
• Cal. Rules of Court, rule 10.430(b)-(d)

  A court that does not prohibit generative AI use by court staff or judicial officers must adopt a use policy by December 15, 2025 that prohibits entering confidential or personal data into public generative AI systems, prohibits unlawful discrimination, requires reasonable verification of output, and requires disclosure when public-facing work consists entirely of generative AI output.

  risk management · Applies to: deployer · California Rules of Court, Rule 10.430 - Generative artificial intelligence use policies (courts)
• EO N-6-26 paras. 4, 5 and 9

  LWDA must review collective bargaining and new technologies, and review workforce training programs, and GovOps must provide the Governor with options on public-good AI incentives, in each case no later than October 15, 2026.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-6-26 - AI and the workforce

Milestones

• 15 Dec 2025Court generative AI use policies must be adopted Status not recorded
  California Rules of Court, Rule 10.430 - Generative artificial intelligence use policies (courts)
• 28 Jul 2026 (conditional)DGS/CDT procurement certification recommendations due (120 days from 2026-03-30; date derived) Status not recorded
  Executive Order N-5-26 - trusted AI procurement certifications
• 19 Aug 2026EDD AI employment-impact dashboard due (90 days from the Order) Status not recorded
  Executive Order N-6-26 - AI and the workforce
• 15 Oct 2026LWDA, GovOps reports due to the Governor Date passed since research; not re-checked
  Executive Order N-6-26 - AI and the workforce
• 17 Nov 2026LWDA recommendations on California WARN Act updates due (180 days from the Order) Upcoming
  Executive Order N-6-26 - AI and the workforce
• 1 Jan 2027Operating-system age-bracket signal duties begin Upcoming
  AB 1043 - Digital Age Assurance Act (operating-system age-bracket signal)
• 1 Jul 2027SB 947 operative Upcoming
  SB 947 - No Robo Bosses Act of 2026 (automated decision systems in the workplace)
• 1 Jan 2028Intersegmental GenAI procurement and training recommendations due Upcoming
  AB 2392 - Public higher education generative AI procurement and training
• 1 Jan 2028EDD report to the Legislature on AI effects on hiring due Upcoming
  SB 951 - Employment: technological displacement notice (Cal/WARN)

6 instruments (6 current) · 7 obligations · 13 claims · 6 milestones

Instruments

• AB 1988 - Companion chatbots: crisis interruption pauses (no enactment evidenced) Draft, no legal force

  Companion-chatbot crisis-pause bill that passed the Assembly 73-0 on 2026-05-21; its final Senate committee hearing on 2026-06-26 was cancelled at the author's request and no later action is recorded.

  Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order 14409 - Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security Adopted 2026-06-02; entry into force not recorded

  Federal executive order directing agencies to improve cyber defence, create a voluntary frontier-model deployment framework built on a classified cyber benchmark, and protect against criminal actors; states it does not authorise mandatory licensing or preclearance. It contains no text addressing state AI laws.

  Binding · Authority: The White House (President) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations In force since 2026-09-18

  Directs the Government Operations Agency to accelerate SB 813 and AB 1405 implementation (May 1, 2027 and December 1, 2027) and, with Cal OES, to recommend stronger frontier AI safeguards by November 16, 2026.

  Binding · Authority: California Government Operations Agency (GovOps) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 243 - Companion chatbots In force since 2026-01-01

  Requires companion chatbot operators to disclose AI status, maintain a suicide and self-harm protocol, add protections for known minors and report annually to the Office of Suicide Prevention from July 1, 2027; private right of action.

  Binding · Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 300 - Companion chatbots (inactive file 2026) Draft, no legal force

  Bill amending Business and Professions Code section 22602 on companion chatbots; passed the Assembly Appropriations Committee on 2026-08-13 and was ordered to the inactive file on 2026-08-30.

  Authority: California State Legislature · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53) In force since 2026-01-01

  Requires large frontier developers to publish and follow a frontier AI framework, publish transparency reports, and report critical safety incidents to Cal OES, with Attorney General civil penalties up to $1,000,000 per violation.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.13(c)

  Frontier developers must report critical safety incidents to Cal OES within 15 days of discovery, and within 24 hours to an appropriate authority where there is an imminent risk of death or serious physical injury.

  incident reporting · Applies to: provider · Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(d)

  Large frontier developers must transmit to Cal OES a summary of catastrophic-risk assessments of internal model use every three months or on another schedule agreed in writing.

  documentation · Applies to: provider · Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53)
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22603(a)

  Beginning July 1, 2027, operators must report annually to the Office of Suicide Prevention the number of crisis referral notifications and their detection and response protocols.

  incident reporting · Applies to: provider · SB 243 - Companion chatbots
• Order ¶ 1

  GovOps must complete Government Code section 8898.1 requirements and post IVO application requirements, procedures and criteria no later than May 1, 2027.

  authorisation · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• Order ¶ 2

  GovOps must complete Government Code section 11549.82(a) requirements and begin the actions required by subdivision (b) no later than December 1, 2027.

  registration · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• Order ¶ 3

  GovOps, with Cal OES, must submit recommendations on embedding IVOs onsite, verified frameworks, kill-switch requirements and incident definitions no later than November 16, 2026.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• EO 14409 Sec. 3(a)

  Within 60 days of the order, Treasury, War (through NSA) and Homeland Security (through CISA), in consultation with White House and Commerce officials, must develop and maintain a classified benchmarking process to assess AI models' advanced cyber capabilities and set the threshold for designating a covered frontier model; the section creates no mandatory licensing requirement.

  risk management · Applies to: other · Executive Order 14409 - Promoting Advanced Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Security

Milestones

• 16 Nov 2026GovOps/Cal OES recommendations on frontier AI safety amendments due to Governor Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• 1 Jan 2027Department of Technology first annual recommendations on frontier definitions due Upcoming
  Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53)
• 1 May 2027GovOps completes Gov. Code section 8898.1 requirements (IVO application requirements and criteria) Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• 1 Jul 2027First annual SB 243 reports to Office of Suicide Prevention begin Upcoming
  SB 243 - Companion chatbots
• 1 Jul 2027Operators begin annual reports to the Office of Suicide Prevention Upcoming
  SB 243 - Companion chatbots
• 1 Dec 2027GovOps completes Gov. Code section 11549.82(a) requirements (AI Auditor Registry) Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations

3 instruments (3 current) · 4 obligations · 10 claims · 4 milestones

Instruments

• Executive Order N-5-26 - trusted AI procurement certifications In force since 2026-03-30

  Directs DGS and the Department of Technology to recommend, within 120 days, new certifications in state contracting for vendors to attest to safeguards against AI misuse.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of General Services, California Department of Technology · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations In force since 2026-09-18

  Directs the Government Operations Agency to accelerate SB 813 and AB 1405 implementation (May 1, 2027 and December 1, 2027) and, with Cal OES, to recommend stronger frontier AI safeguards by November 16, 2026.

  Binding · Authority: California Government Operations Agency (GovOps) · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) Published 2023-01-26

  Voluntary, non-sector-specific US framework for managing AI risks; relevant to California as a national standard that frontier developers may incorporate under SB 53.

  Non-binding · Authority: National Institute of Standards and Technology · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Order ¶ 1

  GovOps must complete Government Code section 8898.1 requirements and post IVO application requirements, procedures and criteria no later than May 1, 2027.

  authorisation · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• Order ¶ 2

  GovOps must complete Government Code section 11549.82(a) requirements and begin the actions required by subdivision (b) no later than December 1, 2027.

  registration · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• Order ¶ 3

  GovOps, with Cal OES, must submit recommendations on embedding IVOs onsite, verified frameworks, kill-switch requirements and incident definitions no later than November 16, 2026.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• Order ¶ 1

  DGS and CDT must submit to the Governor within 120 days recommendations for new certifications in state contracting on safeguards to protect public safety and prevent misuse of AI.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order N-5-26 - trusted AI procurement certifications

Milestones

• 28 Jul 2026 (conditional)DGS/CDT procurement certification recommendations due (120 days from 2026-03-30; date derived) Status not recorded
  Executive Order N-5-26 - trusted AI procurement certifications
• 16 Nov 2026GovOps/Cal OES recommendations on frontier AI safety amendments due to Governor Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• 1 May 2027GovOps completes Gov. Code section 8898.1 requirements (IVO application requirements and criteria) Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations
• 1 Dec 2027GovOps completes Gov. Code section 11549.82(a) requirements (AI Auditor Registry) Upcoming
  Executive Order N-9-26 - AI oversight, independent verification and kill-switch recommendations

11 instruments (11 current) · 7 obligations · 47 claims · 6 milestones

Instruments

• AB 2013 - Generative AI training data transparency Applies since 2026-01-01

  Requires developers of publicly available generative AI systems to post documentation about training data on their websites on or before January 1, 2026 and on each new or substantially modified release; under challenge in X.AI v. Bonta.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• AB 2655 - Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 (enjoined as to X Corp. and Rumble) Adopted 2024-09-17; valid from 2025-01-01

  Requires large online platforms to block or label materially deceptive election content in specified periods and provide reporting procedures. On 2025-08-20 the Eastern District of California declared it preempted by 47 U.S.C. section 230 as applied to X Corp. and Rumble and permanently enjoined enforcement against them; the statute remains on the books.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 2839 - Elections: deceptive media in advertisements (2024; enjoined as to named plaintiffs) In force since 2024-09-17

  Urgency statute adding Elections Code section 20012 (120-day pre-election ban on malicious distribution of materially deceptive election content). On 2025-08-29 the Eastern District of California granted summary judgment to the plaintiff in Kohls v. Bonta and permanently enjoined enforcement against the named plaintiffs; AB 502 (2026) later amended section 20012.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• AB 325 - Cartwright Act: common pricing algorithms Adopted 2025-10-06; valid from 2026-01-01

  Adds Business and Professions Code section 16729 making it unlawful to use or distribute a common pricing algorithm as part of a restraint of trade, or to coerce adoption of its recommended prices; adds a plausibility pleading standard for Cartwright Act complaints.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Attorney General Legal Advisory on the Application of Existing California Laws to Artificial Intelligence Published 2025-01-13

  Attorney General advisory of 13 January 2025 stating that the Unfair Competition Law, False Advertising Law, competition, civil rights and privacy laws apply to AI developers, deployers and users, including liability for supplying AI products known or likely to be used to violate the law. A companion advisory covers health care.

  Regulatory expectation · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• California AI Transparency Act (SB 942), as amended In force since 2025-01-01

  Requires covered generative AI providers to offer a free verification tool and embed latent disclosures in AI-generated image, video and audio content; operative August 2, 2026 after AB 853 delayed it and then amended by SB 1000 and AB 2713.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence Adopted 2025-12-11; entry into force not recorded

  Federal executive order directing a DOJ AI Litigation Task Force to challenge state AI laws and Commerce to evaluate them; does not itself preempt state law and is binding on federal agencies only.

  Binding · Authority: U.S. Department of Justice - AI Litigation Task Force, U.S. Department of Commerce · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• FTC proposed policy statement on AI and section 5 (implied preemption of state laws requiring deceptive outputs) Draft, no legal force

  Proposed FTC policy statement under EO 14365 section 7 asserting that section 5 bars deceptive AI outputs even where a state law requires them and that state law is impliedly preempted to the extent it conflicts; names California only in a quoted fact-sheet footnote. Comments closed 31 July 2026; no final statement found.

  Authority: U.S. Federal Trade Commission · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• Proposed initiative 25-0034A1 - Regulates certain large AI companies (California AI Safety Commission) Draft, no legal force

  Proposed initiative statute that would create a seven-member California AI Safety Commission requiring safety plans and pre-notification of capability expansions from certain large AI companies; cleared for signature collection on 2026-02-04 and not on the 2026-06-25 certified ballot list.

  Authority: California Secretary of State · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text
• SB 1000 - CAITA amendments (covered-provider threshold removed, disclosure verification tool) In force since 2026-09-30

  Deletes the 1,000,000-user threshold from the covered-provider definition, renames the detection tool a disclosure verification tool, drops the manifest-disclosure option and takes effect immediately as an urgency statute.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026
• Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53) In force since 2026-01-01

  Requires large frontier developers to publish and follow a frontier AI framework, publish transparency reports, and report critical safety incidents to Cal OES, with Attorney General civil penalties up to $1,000,000 per violation.

  Binding · Authority: California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General · Verified 8 Oct 2026 · Official text

Obligations

• Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.4.1

  Violation of the platform-provenance prohibition in section 22757.3(d) is subject to a $50,000 civil penalty per violation recoverable by the AG, a city attorney or county counsel.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · SB 1000 - CAITA amendments (covered-provider threshold removed, disclosure verification tool)
• EO 14365 Sec. 3

  The Attorney General must establish within 30 days an AI Litigation Task Force whose sole responsibility is to challenge state AI laws inconsistent with the Order's policy.

  other · Applies to: other · Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence
• EO 14365 Sec. 4

  The Secretary of Commerce must publish within 90 days an evaluation of existing state AI laws identifying onerous laws.

  documentation · Applies to: other · Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence
• Bus. & Prof. Code § 16729(a)-(b)

  A person may not use or distribute a common pricing algorithm (a methodology used by two or more persons that uses competitor data to influence price or commercial terms) as part of a restraint of trade, and may not coerce another person to adopt its recommended prices or commercial terms.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 325 - Cartwright Act: common pricing algorithms
• Elec. Code Div. 20, Ch. 7 (§ 20510 et seq.)

  A large online platform must develop and implement procedures to identify and remove, and to label, reported materially deceptive election content in specified periods around a California election. Enjoined as applied to X Corp. and Rumble.

  other · Applies to: other · AB 2655 - Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 (enjoined as to X Corp. and Rumble)
• Elec. Code § 20012 (as added by AB 2839)

  A person, committee or entity may not knowingly distribute, with malice, an election advertisement or communication containing materially deceptive content within 120 days before an election (and in specified cases 60 days after), subject to exemptions. Enjoined as to the named plaintiffs in Kohls v. Bonta.

  prohibition · Applies to: other · AB 2839 - Elections: deceptive media in advertisements (2024; enjoined as to named plaintiffs)
• Proposed policy statement, request for comments

  The FTC invited public comments on the proposed statement until 31 July 2026; the statement itself imposes no obligation on businesses.

  other · Applies to: other · FTC proposed policy statement on AI and section 5 (implied preemption of state laws requiring deceptive outputs)

Milestones

• 1 Jan 2026First AB 2013 training-data documentation due Met
  AB 2013 - Generative AI training data transparency
• 9 Jan 2026DOJ AI Litigation Task Force established by Attorney General memorandum Met
  Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence
• 11 Mar 2026 (conditional)Commerce evaluation of state AI laws due (90 days from EO; two secondary commentaries say it had not been published; no primary document found) Status not recorded
  Executive Order 14365 - Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence
• 31 Jul 2026Comment period on the proposed FTC AI policy statement closes Met
  FTC proposed policy statement on AI and section 5 (implied preemption of state laws requiring deceptive outputs)
• 2 Aug 2026CAITA operative (delayed from 2026-01-01 by AB 853) Met
  California AI Transparency Act (SB 942), as amended
• 1 Jan 2027Department of Technology first annual recommendations on frontier definitions due Upcoming
  Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53)

Nothing recorded for this module in the research of 2026-10-08.

Nothing recorded for this module in the research of 2026-10-08.